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Net Operating Income (NOI) Calculator

Build the NOI for a rental property: effective gross income (rent − vacancy + other income) minus operating expenses, before debt service. NOI feeds cap rate, DSCR, and almost every other metric.

Income

$
$

laundry, parking, storage

%

Operating expenses (monthly)

$
$
$
$
$
$

Annual NOI

$23,364

EGI − operating expenses

Monthly NOI

$1,947

before debt service

Effective gross income

$36,996

after vacancy

Operating expense ratio

36.8%

opex / EGI

How NOI works

NOI = effective gross income minus operating expenses, before debt service and capex/depreciation. It's the standard income figure for cap rate, DSCR, and most commercial valuations.

Some investors exclude capex from operating expenses and treat it separately as a reserve below the line. Others include it for a more conservative NOI. Be consistent — and clear about which version you're using when comparing properties.

How to Use

  1. Enter monthly rent, any other recurring income (laundry, parking), and a vacancy assumption.
  2. Enter monthly operating expenses line by line: tax, insurance, management, maintenance reserve, capex reserve, landlord-paid utilities.
  3. Read the annual NOI — this drives cap rate, DSCR, and most valuation work.
  4. Watch the operating expense ratio — well-managed residential rentals run 35–50% OER; over 60% suggests problems.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between NOI and cash flow?

NOI is income before debt service. Cash flow is NOI minus mortgage P&I. NOI is what valuers use because it's not affected by how much leverage you use; cash flow is what hits your bank account.

Should capex be in operating expenses?

Investors disagree. Conservative analysts include a capex reserve so big-ticket replacements (roof, HVAC, water heater) don't distort cash flow. Some include only routine maintenance and treat capex separately. Be explicit about which approach you're using.

Does NOI include depreciation?

No. Depreciation is a non-cash tax deduction, not an operating expense. NOI tracks actual operating performance; depreciation belongs in the tax return analysis.

How is NOI different from EGI?

EGI (effective gross income) is rent minus vacancy plus other income — what comes in. NOI is EGI minus operating expenses — what's left to service debt and reward equity.

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