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Yield on Cost Calculator

Yield on cost (YoC) is the development industry's primary return metric: stabilized NOI divided by total project cost (land + hard cost + soft cost + carry). The spread between YoC and market exit cap rate captures the value-creation premium developers earn for taking entitlement, construction, and lease-up risk. This calculator quantifies YoC, spread, and projected exit profit.

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Going-in cap on stabilized comps

Yield on cost

6.36%

Developer spread (YoC − cap)

0.86%

150-200 bps target for development

Stabilized exit value

$6,363,636

Profit at exit

$863,636

Profit margin on cost

15.70%

How the math works

Yield on cost (YoC) = stabilized NOI ÷ total project cost. Developers target 150-200 bps over market cap rates so that the development spread compensates for execution risk. A property delivering 7% YoC against a 5.5% market cap creates 150 bps of value uplift.

Negative or thin spreads (under 100 bps) signal you're paying retail to build — better to acquire stabilized assets at lower risk.

How to Use

  1. Enter projected stabilized NOI once the asset is fully leased.
  2. Enter total project cost — purchase plus all capex, soft costs, and carry.
  3. Enter the market exit cap rate for stabilized comparable assets.
  4. Review YoC, developer spread, exit value, and profit margin.

Frequently Asked Questions

What spread is acceptable?

Most institutional developers target 150-200 bps spread over market cap rates. Anything under 100 bps and you're not adequately compensated for development risk.

Should I include developer fee in cost?

Yes if it's paid to a third party; no if it's accruing to your own balance sheet (you'd be double-counting your return).

How is YoC different from cap rate?

Cap rate uses purchase price as the denominator; YoC uses total project cost (price + improvements). YoC is the pro forma return after value creation.

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