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Break-Even Expense Ratio Calculator

Break-even expense ratio adds operating expenses, debt service, and reserves together and divides by effective gross income. Above 100% and the property is losing money. The calculator also returns OER (opex only) and the break-even occupancy — how low occupancy can fall before cash flow goes negative.

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Break-even expense ratio

85.4%

Operating expense ratio (OER)

43.8%

Break-even occupancy required

80.2%

Annual cash cushion above break-even

$140,000

How the math works

Break-even expense ratio = (opex + debt service + reserves) ÷ EGI. It tells you the total cost structure as a percentage of income — how close the property is to losing money. The gap between this and 100% is your operating cushion.

OER excludes debt and is used to compare operating efficiency across assets. Break-even ratio includes debt and is the real lender stress test — if it crosses 100% the property cannot service its own obligations.

How to Use

  1. Enter effective gross income.
  2. Enter operating expenses (property tax, insurance, utilities, management, maintenance).
  3. Enter annual debt service (P&I).
  4. Enter reserves / recurring capex.
  5. Read break-even expense ratio, OER, and required occupancy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Typical break-even ratios?

Stabilized multifamily: 75-85%. Office with triple-net leases: 60-70%. Hotels can be 85-95% due to operating intensity. Anything over 95% is very fragile and has no room for a bad year.

Should reserves be in break-even?

Yes for underwriting. Ignoring reserves produces a break-even ratio that misses the capex wall 5-10 years in. Include reserves any time you need a defensible number for a lender or investor.

How is break-even occupancy derived?

(opex + debt service) ÷ EGI gives the share of EGI needed just to cover operating and debt costs. If it's 82%, occupancy cannot drop below 82% of current without turning cash flow negative.

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